RESURRECTION OF THE BOHR/SOMMERFELD
THEORY OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE
[4]
THE ADDITION OF SMALL RELATIVISTIC ENERGY CORRECTION TERMS
INCORPORATING THE LAMB SHIFT.
Peter G.Bass.
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ABSTRACT.
The Bohr/Sommerfeld theory of atomic structure, as so far re-stated in [7],
[8] and [9], is herein further developed to incorporate small relativistic
energy correction terms that lead to the Lamb Shift. These terms are shown
to be due to primarily two causes, (i) the distributed nature of electron
charge, and (ii) the dynamic distance of the nucleus from the central point
of orbital rotation. The first of these, (i), is augmented by consideration
of the nature of the electron spin matter wave radius.
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1.0 Introduction.
The Lamb Shift is a very small difference in the orbital energies of the s
and p(-) orbitals, primarily in the 2nd shell although it is also
apparent down to at least shell 8. In the modern quantum mechanics/quantum
electrodynamics theory of atomic structure, the Lamb Shift is attributed to
changes in the electron self energy resulting from its interaction with
fluctuating electric and magnetic fields that contribute to the zero point
energy of the vacuum. Thereby the purported potentiality of the electron to
emit and re-absorb virtual photons, which contribute to electron self
energy, result in the value of this parameter being different in different
orbitals, [1], [2], [3], [4].
In the resurrected Bohr/Sommerfeld theory presented here, because the
electron is treated as a real physical particle, albeit with a dual
corpuscular/matter wave existence, recourse to quantum electrodynamic
phenomena such as described above, to explain the Lamb Shift, is not
necessary as other simpler physical causes become apparent.
In this resurrected theory, the development to date has treated both the
nucleus and, more particularly, the electron as spinning point charges. When
the electron is afforded finite dimensions, in order that it subsequently
conforms to the spin angular momentum criteria, especially in circular
orbits, it will be proposed that its spin matter wave radius must become a
variable that is to be determined. When this is coupled with the
introduction of the concept that the electron charge is distributed
uniformly on its outer surface, a small additional energy term is created, of
relativistic magnitude, that must be added to the fine structure
orbital energy levels.
In addition to the above, the development to date, while incorporating the
finite mass of the nucleus, has only partly taken account of the fact that
due to this finite mass, it, together with the electron, will orbit about a
central point of rotation. The ratio of the distance of the nucleus from
this central point of rotation, to that of the electron, will be the inverse
of the ratio of their masses. Augmenting this is the fact that, as shown in
[9], the spin - orbit magnetic dipole coupled precession rate of the nucleus
is significantly greater than that of the electron. When allowance for these
latter factors is introduced, a further small additional energy term of
relativistic magnitude results that is also to be added to the fine
structure orbital energy levels.
When these extra terms are introduced the overall orbital energy levels are
seen to incorporate the Lamb Shift. The resulting energy levels and emission
spectra so obtained can then be compared in detail with those in [5], which
is believed to be the most accurate published data on outer shell single
electron atoms.
Note that in the mathematical derivations in this paper, a parameter will
only be defined if it has not previously been so in earlier papers in this
series, i.e. [6], [7], [8] and [9].
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