3 Conclusions.

3.1 The Hyperfine Structure.

The result achieved here with regard to the prediction of the hyperfine spectra, i.e. the 21.1cm line, is in complete agreement with observation, but of course has had the benefit of the adjustment of the semi-empirical parameter d_p to ensure this. Consequently, factors which are perhaps more significant than this numerical result, are that it has been possible to identify aspects of the physics which complete the characterisation of hyperfine emissions in the resurrected theory. These factors are listed and briefly discussed below.
One aspect of the numerical results that should be mentioned however, is spectral emission "bandwidth". It can be seen from Table A.3 that due to the extra inter-shell transitions introduced by the hyperfine orbitals, each individual emission line of the fine structure spectral signature, acquires a bandwidth. For the orbit shells considered, this ranges from 0.0003Å to 0.0035Å. This range is well within pressure variation and/or Doppler pulse broadening effects, and would not therefore be discernible in experimental results.

The factors mentioned above significant to the characterisation of the hyperfine structure are listed as follows.

(i) Only one relatively simple mathematical formulation is necessary to represent the complete spectral signature of hydrogen in the resurrected Bohr/Sommerfeld theory, i.e. (2.7) or, fully expanded, [2], Eq.(4.2).

(ii) The same source of outgoing photon momentum has been identified for both intra and inter-orbit transitions. Consistency of this feature is considered a necessary attribute of the theory.

(iii) The ground state circular orbitals, with spin-down electrons, incur a unity increase in the azimuth quantum number, (and thereby associated angular momentum), to a value one half greater than the principle quantum number. This is however, quite in keeping with a similar feature in normal, (and hyperfine), elliptical orbitals via their Dead Zone transitions. It ensures that the inner quantum number remains at the same value as the principle quantum number thus maintaining the geometrics of the orbitals. It is also the source of the outgoing photon momentum. The mathematical representation has justified this process.

(iv) The nature of the external stimulus that causes hyperfine emissions, when considered in relation to the 21.1cm line ground state emission, enabled establishment of the special Selection Rules for these emissions, and in relation to inter-orbit transitions, the Selection Rule unique to the resurrected theory concerning electron/proton spin induction alignment.

(v) The same mechanism for the initiation of a photon emission has been proposed for both intra and inter-orbit transitions. This assumes that the external stimulus responsible for intra-orbital transitions is one that causes the magnitude of electron spin-down and proton spin-up to increase. Allowing for energy absorption as well as emission, this leads to the possibility that zero emission transitions into the 1s_h2(-) orbital from the 1s_h1(-) orbital, and into the 1s(+) orbital from the 1s_h3(+) orbital, could occur.

Finally, it should be noted that in the literature it is stated that the hyperfine emission of hydrogen, the 21.1cm line, does not appear in laboratory experiments. Clearly, in this theory of atomic structure, this would be due to the absence of the external stimulus that initiates it in inter-stellar hydrogen.

3.2 The Overall Theory.

With the inclusion of the hyperfine structure, apart from the additional analysis discussed in [2] to refine accuracy, the part of the Bohr/Sommerfeld theory of atomic structure that deals with the prediction of the wavelengths of spectral signatures, to the level of precision targeted, is now virtually complete. It only remains to develop a mathematical formulation to predict relative intensities. However, only hydrogen has been considered in detail in these series of papers, and while the majority of the content would be applicable to other outer shell single electron atoms, derivation of their hyperfine structure, and the finer details of their fine structure, would require further refinement of the final orbital energy relationship to take account of their multi-particle nuclei, and possibly, electron inter-action and electron shielding of the central nuclear charge.
The resurrected theory as it stands with the completion of this paper, has predicted the complete spectral signature of hydrogen with excellent accuracy and precision and without any anomalous assumptions or approximations. In addition it provides a sound physics explanation of all aspects of the spectral signature including a cause of electron and proton spin, which leads naturally to a mechanism for the initiation of a photon release as the spin angular momentum quantum criteria is neared. In the case where this criteria is met, in the ground state orbit shell, the means by which this is achieved, the variability of the electron spin matter wave radius, has also been shown to be a major contributor to the Lamb Shift. Consequently, although these factors are all speculative, and not measurable, and may therefore be viewed with some contention, they clearly have not been introduced merely to provide an explanation for some isolated unusual feature of the spectral signature, but form an integrated complementary set of physical aspects that ensures that the overall theory is a complete one.

P6 Version 1.0.0
Ó P.G.Bass, August 2007

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