APPENDIX G

Reduction of Selected Relativistic Gravitational Equations to their Equivalents in Classical Theory.

This is only effected for the more complex expressions, or in trivial cases, where a special implication is involved. First it should be noted from (4.7) and (4.18) that the gravitational radius of a gravitational source can be expressed as

a = r ( 1 - u2 )

( 1 + u2 )
(G.1)

so that when u = 1, a = 0 and therefore, from (4.18) and (4.21)

s = r     and     t = t,     so   that    
×
s
 
=
×
r
 
(G.2)

Section 2.

(i) Eq.(2.11), Existence Velocity

(a) Reduction to the Special Relativistic version is effected by putting u = 1

V
×
r
 
n + wrt + jc æ
ç
è
1
×
r

c2
 -  wr

c2
ö
÷
ø
1/2

 
(G.3)

(b) Reduction to the classical equivalent. In (G3) when c ® ¥

V
×
r
 
n + wrt + j¥
(G.4)

as found in [1] and in classical studies the temporal term is ignored.

Section 3.

(ii) Eq.(3.6), Mass

(a) Reduction to the Special Relativistic version is effected by putting u = u0 = 1

m = m0
æ
è
1 w02 r02

c2
ö
ø
1/2

 

æ
è
1
×
r
2

c2
 -  w2r2

c2
ö
ø
1/2

 
(G.5)

This can be compared with [1], Eq.(3.7) by putting w = w0 =0.

(b) Reduction to the classical equivalent. When in (G.5) c ® ¥

m = m0
(G.6)

(iii) Eq.(3.10), Rate of change of momentum.

(a) Reduction to the Special Relativistic version is effected by putting u = 1

dM

dt
 = m
æ
è
××
r
 
- w2r ö
ø
 n

æ
è
1
×
r
2

c2
ö
ø
(G.7)

which becomes with insertion of (G.5)

dM

dt
 = m0
æ
è
××
r
 
 - w2r ö
ø
n

æ
è
1
×
r
2

c2
ö
ø
æ
ç
è
1
×
r
2

c 2
 -  w2r 2

c 2
ö
÷
ø
1/2

 
(G.8)

This can be compared with [1], Eq.(3.9) by putting w = 0.

(b) Reduction to the classical equivalent. When in (G.8) c® ¥

dM

dt
 = m0 æ
è
××
r
 
- w2r ö
ø
n
(G.9)

(iv) Eq.(3.14), Spatial gradient of energy.

(a) Reduction to the Special Relativistic equivalent is effected by putting u = 1

dE

dr
 = m
æ
è
××
r
 
- w2r ö
ø

æ
è
1
×
r
2

c2
ö
ø
(G.10)

which is the same as the magnitude of (G.7) and therefore shows that gravitation only exists within the Special Theory of Relativity as an axiomatic addition as it does in classical theory.

Section 5.

The planetary orbit. This is most easily reduced to the classical equivalent by first putting a = 0 in (5.30) which gives

f = c
(G.11)

So that this gives in (5.28)

W = 0
(G.12)

and therefore in (5.11)

1

r
 =  1

L
( 1+ecosf )
(G.13)

the equation of a standard conic section, and in which the eccentricity, e, is reduced from (5.24) to

e m0 h2m0

F0
 - 1
(G.14)

where

F0

m0 m0
 = gmG m0
(G.15)

and where now m0=1/r0

(v) Eq.(5.8), Equation of the orbit.

First express (5.8) as

d2m

df2
 + m =  gmG

h2
 + 3am2
(G.16)

To reduce (G.16) to its classical equivalent put a = 0 and then put

gmG =  F

m0 m2
(G.17)

to yield

d2m

df2
 + m =  F

m0 h2m2
(G.18)

the classical equation in mechanics.

Appendix A

(vi) Eq.(A.4), The equation of free planar motion in the axes of D0 .

Substituting for a from (4.6) gives

d2r

dt2
 =  - 
gmG æ
è
r -  gmG

c2
ö
ø

æ
è
r +  gmG

c2
ö
ø
3

 
 + 
3gmG æ
è
dr

dt
ö
ø
2

 

c2 æ
è
r 2 -  g2mG2

c4
ö
ø
+ æ
è
r -  gmG

c2
ö
ø
æ
è
df

dt
ö
ø
2

 
(G.19)

and then assuming c to be infinitely large reduces this to the classical equation

d2r

dt2
 =  -  gmG

r2
 + r æ
è
df

dt
ö
ø
2

 
(G.20)


G1 Version 2.2.4
Ó P.G.Bass, November 2009
On to the Next Section:- References

Back to the Introduction to this Paper:- Gravitation

Back to the Home Page for this Site:- Home