APPENDIX B

Transformation of the Equation of the Orbit to the Axes of D0

The equation of a planetary orbit in the axes of Pseudo-Euclidean Space-Time has, in [2] been derived, in the form of a first order equation, from a Lagrangian analysis of the metric of the General Theory. To obtain that form here, the simplest process is to obtain the first integral of (C.8) from which the desired relationship can be obtained directly. The easiest manner to obtain the first integral of (C.8) is firstly, via a re-arrangement of (5.4), thus

×
s
 
2
 
= - u2w2s2 + c2u2 ì
í
î
1 w2s4

w02 s04
æ
è
1 w02 s02

c2
ö
ø
ü
ý
þ
(B.1)

From (5.3) note that

m m0 u0 w0 s02

uws2
(B.2)

which with (3.20) gives

u0

u
 =  w0 s02

ws2
(B.3)

Inserting this into (B.1) then gives

×
s
 
2
 
= - u2w2s2 + c2u2 ì
í
î
1 u2

u02
æ
è
1 w02 s02

c2
ö
ø
ü
ý
þ
(B.4)

which incidentally can be shown to be the first integral of (3.18), the equation of planar motion in D1.

Now, from (2.15)

ds

dtp
 =
×
s
 
dt

dtp
 =

×

s

æ
ç
è
1
×
s
 
2

c2u2
 -  w2s2

c2
ö
÷
ø
1/2

 
(B.5)


so that substitution for 
×
s
 
  from (B.4) yields


æ
è
ds

dtp
ö
ø
2

 

c
2u02

æ
è
1 w02 s02

c2
ö
ø
 - c2u2
u
02 w2s2

æ
è
1 w02 s02

c2
ö
ø
(B.6)

Also from (C.7) and (B.4)

w2 = w¢2 u2

u02
æ
è
1 w02 s02

c2
ö
ø
(B.7)

which when inserted into (B6) yields

æ
è
ds

dtp
ö
ø
2

 

c
2u02

æ
è
1 w02 s02

c2
ö
ø
 - c2u2 - u2w¢2s2
(B.8)

as the first integral of (C.8).

Transformation to the Axes of D0 and Derivation of the Equation of the Orbit.

Transformation of (B.8) to the axes of D0 via (4.7), (4.12) and (4.13) gives

æ
è
dr

dtp
ö
ø
2

 
c2 æ
è
r0 - a

r0 + a
ö
ø

1 w02

c2
( r0 + a )2
 - c2 æ
è
r - a

r + a
ö
ø
 -  æ
è
df

dtp
ö
ø
2

 
( r2 - a2 )
(B.9)

For simplicity write this as

æ
è
dr

dtp
ö
ø
2

 
= c2e2 - c2 æ
è
r - a

r + a
ö
ø
 - h2 ( r - a )

( r + a )3
(B.10)

where (5.5) has also been inserted

The equation of the orbit, (expressed in the axes D0), can now be derived in the conventional manner as follows. Put

r 1

V
(B.11)

so that

dr

dtp
dV

df
h

( 1 + aV )2
(B.12)

Inserting this and (B.11) into (B.10) yields

æ
è
dV

df
ö
ø
2

 
c2e2

h2
( 1 + aV )4 - c2

h2
( 1 - aV )( 1 + aV )3 - V 2( 1 - aV )2
(B.13)

Expanding, this finally reduces to the desired expression, thus

æ
è
dV

df
ö
ø
2

 
c2

h2
 ( e2 - 1 ) +  2ac2

h2
( 2e2 - 1 )V æ
è
6a2c2e2

h2
 - 1 ö
ø
V 2
2a3c2

h2
( 2e2 + 1 )V 3 + a2 ì
í
î
1+ a2c2

h2
( e2 + 1 ) ü
ý
þ
V 4
(B.14)

as derived in [2], pp 198, Eq[58.35].

Finally, in (B.10) the simplifying identity

e
æ
è
r0 - a

r0 + a
ö
ø
1/2

 

ì
í
î
1 - w02

c2
( r0 + a )2 ü
ý
þ
1/2

 
(B.15)

was inserted. To shown that this is identical to the same parameter in [2], pp197, Eq(58.26), insert (4.7) and (4.18) thus

e
u
0

æ
è
1 w02 s02

c2
ö
ø
1/2

 
(B.16)

which from (3.6) and (3.20) becomes

e
cu
2

æ
è
c2u2
×
s
 
2
 
 - u2w2s2 ö
ø
1/2
 
(B.17)

and which with (2.15) and (2.19) then gives

e = u dt

dtp
 = u2 dt

dtp
(B.18)

so that insertion of (4.7) again into this finally gives

e = æ
è
r - a

r + a
ö
ø
dt

dtp
(B.19)

As derived in [2].

Also from (5.5) it can be seen that the constant h in this paper is identical to the parameter m in [2], pp197, Eq(58.27). These results provide additional proof that a central orbit in D1 is identical to that in the General Theory.



G1 Version 2.2.4
Ó P.G.Bass, November 2009
On to the Next Section:- Appendix C

Back to the Introduction to this Paper:- Gravitation

Back to the Home Page for this Site:- Home